# Ioan Ratiu. Chatham House

Ioan Ratiu

The chapter 5 from Ioan Ratiu's book "The Milner-Fabian Conspiracy", 2012.

To the Сontents of the book. Download in Word format. Mobile version.


Chatham House a.k.a. Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA) is a semi-secret, London-based sister organization of the US Council on Foreign Relations and was ostensibly established "to encourage and facilitate the study of international questions [with a view to preventing future wars]" (King-Hall, p. 129).


Its true intent and purpose has been to influence government policy and public opinion in line with its creators hidden agenda (Quigley, 1981, p. 182).


Content

The origins of Chatham House

Chatham House and International Finance

Chatham House and Socialism

Chatham House and World Government

Chatham House and the Commonwealth

Chatham House and the League of Nations

Chatham House and the United Nations

Chatham House and the European Union

Chatham House and Immigration

Note

References


THE ORIGINS OF CHATHAM HOUSE


Chatham House cannot be properly investigated without some knowledge of the wider network of connections and sources of support of which it is only a part. In particular, Chatham House is inseparable from the group which created it and which for many years has dominated and used it as an instrument for its agenda. This group was the secret organization formed in London on 5 February 1891 by diamond magnate Cecil Rhodes of De Beers for the purpose of "extending British rule throughout the world" (Quigley, 1981, pp. 3, 33-38).


Originally called The Society of the Elect, the group later came to be known by various names at various times, including "the secret society of Cecil Rhodes", "the Round Table Group", "the Milner Group" and, significantly, "the Chatham House crowd" (Quigley, 1981, pp. 3, 4, 39, 311) [* hereinafter in the text the name "Milner Group" is used].


The key planks in the groups drive for world domination were:


(1) cultural and political union of the United Kingdom with the British Empire (the UKs colonies and other territories);

(2) union of the British Empire with America; and

(3) the worldwide organization of states around the proposed Anglo-American Empire.


As the groups stated overarching aim was to extend its rule throughout the world, international and especially Anglo-American relations were high on its agenda. Anglo-American interests close to the Milner Group had already set up various outfits promoting closer links between Britain and America. Among these were the Anglo-American League and the Pilgrims Society.


The Anglo-American League was founded in London and New York in 1898 and revolved on the belief that Britain and America had "strong common interests in many parts of the world".


The Pilgrims Society was founded in London in 1902, with a New York branch being set up in the following year and was based on similar beliefs.


Similarly, to achieve its objective of world organization around the Anglo-American Empire, the group Set up a series of organizations such as the League to Enforce Peace (LEP) and the League of Free Nations Association (LFNA) with corresponding outfits across the Atlantic.


The immediate precursor to the Anglo-American Institute of International Affairs was the Committee of International Relations a.k.a. Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), which was originally founded in New York in 1918.


The Institute of International Affairs was conceived by the Milner Group during the 1919 Peace Conference of Paris and was organized under the leadership of Lionel Curtis, a prominent member of the Milner Group, in collaboration with members of the Fabian Society. Among these were R. H. Tawney, John Maynard Keynes and Philip Noel-Baker.


Also involved were Fabian collaborators/sympathizers like London School of Economics Professor Arnold J. Toynbee who became Chatham House Director of Studies and Lord Astor (King-Hall, pp. 13-14; Martin, p. 175; Quigley, 1981, p. 183). Astor, a leading Milnerite, was a friend of the Fabian leadership.


The American group mainly consisted of associates of the Morgan Group, the leading element in the "Eastern Establishment" (bankers, businessmen, lawyers and academics revolving around Wall Street interests). It included:


John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles of the Wall Street law firm Sullivan & Cromwell (who were nephews of President Wilsons Secretary of State, Robert Lansing);

Christian Herter of the US State Department;

General Tasker Bliss, US representative, Inter-Allied Supreme War Council (Martin, pp. 174-5);

as well as Thomas W. Lamont of the New York private investment bank J. P. Morgan & Co.;

Whitney H. Shepardson, a Rhodes scholar, who later became head of the US Office of Strategic Services (OSS) Secret Intelligence Branch;

and Fabian Socialist Walter Lippmann.


All of them were members of the American branch of the Milner Group (Quigley, 1966, pp. 950-2).


The American branch of the Institute initially failed to take off due to the US Senates opposition to the internationalist schemes of President Woodrow Wilson, the Institutes chief American supporter. But in July 1921, those associated with the Anglo-American Institute of International Affairs merged with (according to Quigley, 1981, p. 191, took over) the New York organization formed earlier by the Morgan Group and called Council on Foreign Relations (King-Hall, p. 14). The new organization retained the name Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) and held the first meeting of its directors on 28 September 1921.


The British branch of the Institute was founded in London in 1920 as the British Institute of International Affairs (BIA), becoming the Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA) in 1926. It was later called Chatham House after the building housing its headquarters in Londons St. Jamess Square, which was itself appropriately named after the 1st Earl of Chatham, Secretary of State William Pitt the Elder, who was a leader of the Whig Party (forerunner to the Liberal Party).


Chatham House consisted of a governing body first called Executive Committee and later Council, led by a chairman and two honorary secretaries, and a small number of paid employees and was headed by three presidents. The first honorary secretaries were Lionel Curtis and G. M. Gathorne-Hardy and the Council remained dominated by the Milner Group, which provided about half of the councillors, until 1960. Most of the paid staff were agents of Curtis (Quigley, 1966, p. 952).


Chatham House members were recruited from among Britains leading academics, civil servants, members of the armed services, politicians and businessmen (Parmar, pp. 31-34). Chatham Houses elite membership, which rose from about 300 to 2,414 by 1936, was clearly designed to give an impression of expert competence, while having presidents (a largely honorary position) from all three main political parties conveyed a false sense of impartiality. In reality, like its Milnerite creators, Chatham House has always been Liberal, i.e., left of centre.


Chatham House operates by analyzing global, regional and national problems and proposing solutions to decision-makers that are in line with Milnerite thinking.


Its house journal is International Affairs (formerly Journal) in addition to which it issues The World Today as well as 50 similar reports and other publications annually. The Milner Groups organ, The Round Table, was also edited from Chatham House grounds (Quigley, 1966, p. 952).


[*] My note:

It should be noted that the British side has traditionally played a leading role in the alliance between the British ruling class and the US East Coast elite, which Professor Quigley dubbed the "Anglo-American Establishment". This is explained by:


the British ruling class's centuries-long experience in creating and exploiting subversive ideologies and movements;

the historical experience of the British Foreign Office;

the ideological influence of the Fabian Society on the American oligarchy;

the superiority of the British propaganda machine, which exerted significant influence on the US media;

the superiority of the British intelligence services, which participated in the creation of the CIA;

London's enduring influence on the US Democratic Party;

the active involvement of English Freemasonry in the United States.


It was the British who pioneered most of the international projects subsequently implemented with US resources. These projects include:


the communist revolution in Russia and the creation of the USSR as a geopolitical adversary of the United States;

the creation of the UN and the European Union;

the deindustrialization of developed countries through the use of the climate agenda;

the decline in the quality of education;

the degradation of art and culture;

the creation of a modernized China as a new geopolitical adversary of the United States;

the creation of an Islamist Iran as a source of tension in the Middle East;

the use of man-made pandemics to restrict civil liberties and undermine the sovereignty of nation states;

mass immigration from Third World countries;

the Islamization of European civilization.

End of my note.


CHATHAM HOUSE AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCE


It is evident from those involved in the formation and financing of the Anglo-American Institute of International Affairs that it represented certain financial interests from inception. These interests had already been involved in the formation of earlier organizations such as the Anglo-American League and the Pilgrims Society.


The League included Prime Minister and Milner-Fabian godfather Arthur Balfour (later Lord and close Rothschild friend and collaborator, whose family had also founded the Society for Psychical Research in 1882) and the Duke of Sutherland on the London side and various Morgan associates like Daniel S. Lamont and William C. Witney, on the New York side (Pimiot Baker, p. 11; Forrest, pp. 100-1).


The Pilgrims similarly included Britons like Arthur Balfour and the 7" Duke of Newcastle (a member of J. P. Morgans Metropolitan Club of New York) and Americans like John Pierpont Morgan himself and associates (Pimlott Baker, pp. 19, 184; "Clubs and Clubmen", NYT, 26 Apr. 1903).


Unsurprisingly, we find the same interests among those providing funds to the Institute: J. P. Morgan & Co., the Carnegie Trust and J. D. Rockefeller, as well as various institutions with Milner Group members on their board of directors, such as the US car maker Ford Motor Company, the Bank of England, Lazard Brothers & Co. and N.M. Rothschild & Sons (Quigley, 1981, p. 190).


As pointed out by Professor Quigley, the American branch of these money interests revolved around the J. P. Morgan Bank of New York and its associates, such as the Rockefeller-Schiff Group, which were part of Americas Eastern Establishment.


The British branch was based on the private bank Lazard Brothers & Co. which had branches in London, New York and Paris, and its associates, including the Bank of England, Barclays Bank, Lloyds Bank, Westminster Bank, Baring Brothers and N.M. Rothschild, which all had Milner Group members on their board of directors (Quigley, 1981 pp. 190, 228).


This Anglo-American Morgan-Lazard connection stretching from the City of London to Wall Street was the backbone of the Milner Group and its international organization (Quigley, 1966, p. 951).


On the British side, Lazard Brothers, N.M. Rothschild, the Bank of England, Barclays Bank, Lloyds Bank, Midland Bank, Westminster Bank, Baring Brothers, Hambros Bank, Stem Brothers, as well as the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company and Reuters, Ltd., were among the corporate members of Chatham House (King-Hall, pp. 140-1).


With regard to Lord Rothschild, co-founder and member of the Society of the Elects Inner Circle, Quigley makes the implausible claim that he was "largely indifferent" to the Milner project and "held aloof (Quigley, 1981, pp. 40, 45).


The evidence shows that Rothschild was a loyal supporter of Rhodess imperialist plans in the 1890s (Ferguson, 2000, vol. 2., p. 360) and that the Rothschilds continued to take an interest in the Societys (later Milner Group) activities and projects. Nattys French cousin Edmond de Rothschild hosted the US delegation to the Paris Peace Conference which included J. P. Morgan Jr. and Morgan associates Thomas Lamont and US Ambassador to the UK, John William Davis, who were involved in the formation of the Council on Foreign Relations (Mullins, p. 109).


Moreover, Lamont, partner and later head of J. P. Morgan (a Rothschild associate and representative) was the first financial sponsor of the Anglo-American project, advancing 2,000 for the writing of a history of the Paris Peace Conference and N.M. Rothschild itself became a corporate member of Chatham House (King-Hall, pp. 13, 141). The close connections between N.M. Rothschild, Lazard and Morgan interests are shown in Mullins (Chart 1, pp. 92-4) and must be beyond dispute.


The committee which organized the Institute of International Affairs was funded by diamond magnate Sir Abe Bailey, the Milner Groups chief financial supporter, and chaired by Lord Robert Cecil, who had been chairman of the Supreme Economic Council during the Paris Conference.


Cecils financial adviser was Robert (later Lord) Brand. Brand later became a partner and managing director of Lazard Brothers, a director of Lloyds Bank and Milner Group leader (1955-63) (Quigley, 1966, p. 60).


As brother-in-law of Lady (Nancy) Astor, Brand was related by marriage to another prominent Milnerite financier, Lord Astor, the owner of leading newspapers The Times (the "gazette of the British ruling class") and the Observer. Lord Astor became chairman of the Chatham House Council in 1935. The proximity of the Astors to Chatham House was aptly illustrated by their residence just across St. Jamess Square from Chatham House.


Alfred Milner himself, in addition to being a director of the Rothschild-controlled mining company Rio Tinto, was director of several public banks, particularly the London Joint Stock Bank, later Midland Bank - which as already noted became Chatham House corporate member.


Earlier Anglo-American organizations founded by the same interests, claimed to foster closer links between Britain and America. However, their true intention was to harmonize British and American foreign policy in line with the agenda of the financial interests behind these organizations.


The Pilgrims Society, in particular, was working "closer and closer with the British Foreign Office" and its American counterpart, the US State Department (Pimlott Baker, p. 25). This pattern was faithfully followed by the money powers global network of organizations and Chatham House was no exception (see also note, p. 192).


CHATHAM HOUSE AND SOCIALISM


The Milner Group, which operated in Liberal and Conservative circles, derived much of its ideology from Arnold Toynbees (Milners closest friend) Socialist-style theories of social reform. Although he described himself as an "English nationalist", Milner Group leader Alfred Milner was in fact a notorious Socialist (Quigley, Sutton).


In the 1890s (as chairman of the board of Internal Revenue), he introduced the inheritance tax in England, imposed heavy taxes in South Africa to fund "social improvements" and contemplated the nationalization of railways and mines (Quigley, 1981, pp. 6, 130-1).


The Milner Group and the Fabian Society


In addition, although the connection is often missed by researchers, there has always been close collaboration between the Milner Group and the Fabian Society (a Socialist organization). As noted above, several prominent Fabians like R. H. Tawney, John Maynard Keynes and Philip Noel-Baker were involved in the formation of Chatham House. Noel-Baker, who later became a leader of the Fabian International and Colonial Bureaux, the American Walter Lippmann and others were members of both the Fabian Society and the Milner Group (Quigley, 1966, p. 950; Steel, pp. 23 ff.).


Labour Party chairman (later Lord Privy Seal and Home Minister) John R. Clynes, who operated in Fabian circles (Martin, p. 458), was a member of the Chatham House Council from the Start, as well as president.


Arthur Creech Jones, member of the Fabian Society executive, was also a member of the Chatham House Council.


Sir Arthur Salter, a former member of the Fabian Society and later prominent Milnerite, was appointed acting chairman of the Chatham House Council in 1931 and remained a member of the Council (Salter, p. 230).


Other Fabian members of the Chatham House Council were Lord Snell, of the Fabian Society and Labour Party executives and Denis Healey of the Fabian executive.


Chatham House was in close contact with the Fabian Societys War Aims Committee, the League of Nations Union and associated Milner-Fabian outfits during World War II (Pugh, p. 186). In fact, Milner-Fabian connections go back to the early 1900s, when members of both groups attended typical Liberal-Labour (Lib-Lab) organizations like the Rainbow Circle and the Coefficients Club.


Established in 1902 by the Fabian Society, the Coefficients Club was attended by leading Liberals and "Conservatives", including Edward Grey (Foreign Secretary), Richard Haldane (Privy Counsellor, later Secretary of State for War and Lord Chancellor), Alfred Milner (businessman and banker, later member of Lloyd Georges War Cabinet) and Leo Amery (Secretary of State for India and Burma) (Quigley, 1981, pp. 137-8), many of whom obviously belonged to Milner circles.


The Rainbow Circle was another Lib-Lab operation. Named after the Rainbow Tavern in Fleet Street, London, the Circle was set up in 1893 to promote social, political and industrial reform in collaboration with the Liberals and the Marxist Social Democratic Federation. Its early members included prominent Fabians like Charles Trevelyan, Herbert Samuel, J. A. Hobson, Sydney Olivier and Ramsay MacDonald.


Milner Group, Fabian Society and Russian Revolution


A Rainbow Circle associate of particular interest was the London-based Society of Friends of Russian Freedom (SFRF). One of the SFRFs American leaders was George Kennan (cousin of historian and leading CFR member George F. Kennan) who had close links to Russias Socialist-Revolutionary Party.


During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, Jacob Schiff, of the New York private investment bank Kuhn, Loeb & Co., a Rothschild representative, associate of the Morgan Group and whose Japan Society of New York was later involved in the founding of the Council on Foreign Relations, provided funds to Russian groups and used the Friends of Russian Freedom to promote revolutionary propaganda.


At the same time, Schiff and his European Rothschild associates provided large loans to Russias adversary, Japan (Encyclopaedia Judaica, vol. 14, p. 961; Smethurst; Ferguson, 2000, vol. 2, p. 396). As a result of these machinations, Russia was plunged into revolution in 1905 and again in 1917.


As already noted, while Schiff and his Rothschild associates were putting pressure on Russia by providing loans to Japan and promoting revolution, prominent Fabian Society member Joseph Fels (who was married to Fannie Rothschilds daughter, Mary Fels) provided a loan of 1,700 [* about $200,000 in 2026], in addition to pocket money in the sum of one gold sovereign [* about $1140 in 2026] per delegate, to Lenin, Trotsky and their Russian Social Democratic Labour Party during their 1907 London conference (Rappaport, pp. 153-4; Martin, pp. 29, 161; Cole, p. 113; see also Joseph and Mary Fels Papers).


In February 1917, the Tsar was overthrown by the revolutionary government of Alexander Kerensky, a leading member of Russias Socialist-Revolutionary Party (which was the Friends of Russias contact). This enabled Lenin to stage his own coup later that year, replacing Kerenskys government with his own "Social Democratic" Party (later Communist Party).


The Russian-born Julius Rappoport a.k.a. Julius West, a member of the Fabian Society Executive Committee, made several trips to Russia in 1917 and was present at the 2nd Russian Congress of Soviets at the Petrograd Smolny Institute on 7-9 November, during which Lenin declared his new Communist government (Pugh, p. 136).


In addition to British Fabian connections, Russias Communist regime also had links to officials of the Russian and English Bank [* Saint Petersburg International Commercial Bank] which was run by Milnerite and friend of the Fabian leadership Arthur Balfour and collaborators (Sutton, 1974, p. 122).


The Milner Group's and the British government


The Milner Groups influence on the British government itself is beyond dispute. In the period 1919-39 it held between one-fifth and one-third of Cabinet posts. The group dominated Liberal Prime Minister Lloyd Georges 1916-24 government which included Milnerites like Arthur Balfour, Leo Amery, Samuel Hoare, Lord Robert Cecil and Lord Astor (Quigley, 1981, pp. 142-3, 227).


Milner himself became Secretary for War in 1918 and Colonial Secretary in the following year, while his fellow Milnerite, Chatham House co-founder and later member of the Council Philip Kerr (later Lord Lothian) was private secretary to Lloyd George.


The Milner Group supports communist Russia


The Milner-dominated Lloyd George administration engineered the 1921 Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement. This in turn led to diplomatic relations being established in 1924 under Labours Ramsay MacDonald, a notorious admirer of Communist Russia, whose son and intimate associate, Malcolm, became a Milner Group member and, in 1933, was elected Chatham House councillor (Quigley, 1981, p. 185).


Diplomatic relations with Russia were broken off in 1927 under Stanley Baldwins (also Milner-dominated) Conservative government, when it was found that Russia had been profiting more from the arrangement than Britain, while at the same time working against British interests in China and elsewhere (see also the ARCOS affair). But they were resumed in 1929 under Labour Prime Minister and Milner collaborator Ramsay MacDonald.


The establishment of trade relations with Russia helped its Communist regime to survive and impose itself on the Russian people.


The importance of Communist Russia to Chatham House circles is confirmed by the joint visit to that country in 1931 by Lord Astor (later chair of the Chatham House Council) and his Fabian friend Bernard Shaw who believed that Lenin was the "greatest statesman of Europe" (Jones 1925).


As noted by Quigley, the system advocated by the Milner group was an "undemocratic kind of socialism" (Quigley, 1981, p. 130). The whole point of Socialism, of course, was state control over trade, markets and resources and this is where Socialism fitted in with the global designs of monopolistic Capitalism which Milner-Fabian groups clearly represented.


Milner Group associates in the United States


On the other side of the Atlantic, too, we can find international financiers, Milner-Fabian associates and Chatham House sponsors, like David Rockefeller, who were in fact Socialists - as noted earlier, David wrote a sympathetic thesis on Fabian Socialism at Harvard in 1936 (Rockefeller, pp. 75-6).


International financiers like those behind Chatham House and the Milner Group supported Socialism because Socialist administrators who believed in state monopoly of trade, markets and resources promised to run societies and their economies in ways that offered more advantages to the monopolistic Capitalist elites than mainstream liberal democracies could.


Otherwise put, it was an alliance of monopolistic financiers and monopolistic revolutionaries.


For the same reason, the same financiers, like the head of the Milner-associated Morgan Group, Thomas Lamont, supported Fascism in Italy (Sutton, 1974, pp. 172-4).


These groups ultimate objective of monopolizing power is evident from the fact that Fabian leaders like Bernard Shaw, too, supported Fascism, declaring in 1927, "We must get the Socialist movement out of its old democratic grooves" and "We, as Socialists, have nothing to do with liberty" (Cole, pp. 196-7).


[*] My note:

In Grokipedia, considered a more balanced source than Wikipedia, the article on George Bernard Shaw includes a chapter titled "Sympathies for Stalin, Hitler, and Mussolini". It describes Shaw's admiration for Mussolini, his sympathy for Stalin and his support for Hitler.


Bernard Shaw was one of the four founders of the Fabian Society, and his ideology - Fabian socialism - became dominant in the European Union.

End of my note.


CHATHAM HOUSE AND WORLD GOVERNMENT


It is beyond dispute that the overarching objective of Chatham Houses Milnerite masters was to establish world government. From the start, it had been their stated intention to "extend British rule throughout the world" (see above) and leading Milnerites like Lionel Curtis openly advocated various forms of world government in publications like Civitas Dei (literally, "The Commonwealth of God") a.k.a. World Order (1934-37).


As already noted, the Milner Groups aim was to establish a Socialist-style dictatorship led by a self-appointed administrative elite, that is, the Milner Group itself (Quigley, 1981, pp. 130-1). This means that when they talked about "extending British rule throughout the world", they really meant Milner Group rule and not rule by the British people or even by the (democratically-elected) British Government.


Similarly, the Milner Groups international associates aimed to establish a world system of financial control concentrated in private hands, which would enable them to dominate the worlds economy and politics (Quigley, 1966, pp. 324 ff.).


The internationalist motives behind the creation of Chatham House itself are clear from the fact that Curtis had written a book advocating world government, entitled The Commonwealth of Nations (1916) just a few years before he came up with the idea of an institute of foreign relations and was also involved in international projects like the Commonwealth of Nations and the League of Nations, having world organization as their principal objective.


In the early 1950s, Chatham House councillor Denis Healey was instrumental in the creation of organizations aiming to establish world government, such as the Socialist International and the Bilderberg Group. The latter, in Healeys own words, worked for a "united global governance" (Birrell, 2013).


Of course, the international money interests have been careful to conceal the true reason behind their drive for world government. Publicly, their position has been that taken by Healey (who was also on the Fabian executive) in the 1960s, namely that only an "advanced form of world government" could guarantee world peace (Healey, 1963, p. 1; see also below, p. 525).


CHATHAM HOUSE AND THE COMMONWEALTH


Another reason why the Milner Groups patriotic credentials must be open to question is that by the 1920s, i.e., the time when they created Chatham House, they had introduced the concept of a "Commonwealth" as a substitute for the British Empire.


Already in 1907, the Milner Group had suggested the creation of a Dominion Department in the Colonial Office, recognizing the separate existence of self-governing Dominions (Quigley, 1981, p. 152), i.e., Canada, Australia and New Zealand - followed by South Africa in 1910, India in 1947, etc.


In 1908, the Group began to publicize the idea of a "British Commonwealth of Nations" (Quigley, 1981, p. 5) and a Dominion Office was finally created in 1925, with Milnerite Leo Amery as Secretary. The Milner-dominated Imperial Conference of 1926 issued the "Balfour Declaration" which recognized the UK and the Dominions as equal members of the British Commonwealth.


The UK delegation to the Conference was made up of the Lord President of the Council, Lord Balfour; Foreign Secretary Austen Chamberlain; Colonial Secretary Leo Amery; Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin and Chancellor of the Exchequer Winston Churchill. Cabinet Secretary Colonel Maurice Hankey, Whitehalls "Man of Secrets", was Secretary-General of the Conference. Balfour, Chamberlain, Amery and Hankey belonged to the Milner Group (Quigley, 1981, p. 158).


Baldwin and Churchill (who had been a Liberal until 1924) were clearly collaborators. This not only shows the extraordinary influence of the Milner Group, it also exposes its anti-British policies.


Self-government for the Colonies was a central plank in the Milnerite agenda. Like Curtis, Philip Kerr, a leading Milnerite and editor of the Milner publication The Round Table, who became private secretary to Lloyd George and later Chatham House councillor, advocated self-government for the Colonies by 1916 (Grant & others, pp. 170-179).


While the Milner Group started off claiming to make Britain the centre of a World Empire, it soon began to work for the dissolution of the Empire and the incorporation of Britain into a world government run by the international financial interests represented by the Group.


Transforming the British Empire into a Commonwealth of Nations "equal in status" and then placing that Commonwealth within an international organization like the League of Nations was the first step in the dissolution of the Empire and Britains subordination to world government (See also Quigley, 1981, p. 137).


Professor Quigley detected "logical deficiencies" in Milnerite foreign-relations thinking (Quigley, 1981, pp. 165, 281). Indeed, there can be no such thing as an Empire of equal and independent nations. But once the Milner Group had started campaigning for self-government for the Colonies the outcome was entirely predictable.


While some Milnerites may have been pathologically delusional, it is hard to believe that an army of Oxford and Cambridge educated experts were unaware of what they were doing. Deliberate deception becomes much more likely than logical deficiency, particularly in light of the fact that Milner Group policies were essentially identical to those of its chief anti-Empire collaborator, the Fabian Society.


The Milner Group was happy to embrace all the developments that destroyed the Dominions links to the mother country (Quigley, 1981, p. 164). As already noted, many of these developments were created by the Milner Group itself.


Between 1933 and 1945, the Milner Group held secret conferences on British Commonwealth relations leading to the break-up of the British Empire and the creation of the Commonwealth in 1948. All the conferences were arranged and controlled by Milnerite Chatham House members including Lord Lothian (Philip Kerr), Sir Herbert Samuel, W. G. A. Ormsby-Gore (later Lord Harlech), Lord Hailey, A. J. Toynbee, Alfred Zimmern and many others (Quigley, 1981, pp. 161 ff.). Some of the Chatham House members involved in these conferences were notorious anti-imperialist members of the Fabian Society, like Arthur Creech Jones (CH councillor) and Ernest Bevin.


In addition to the break-up of the Empire, the Milner Groups true agenda is exposed by its pivotal role in the creation of organizations aiming to establish world government, like the League of Nations (LON), the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU), all of which represented (not very British) international money interests.


CHATHAM HOUSE AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS


Chatham House and the League of Nations were established at the same time. This was no coincidence - both organizations were created by the same people as part of the same plan.


Among the earliest British groups studying "international organization" or world government were:


the International Agreements Committee of the Fabian Research Bureau, headed by Leonard Woolf, and


the Council for the Study of International Relations, a Liberal-Fabian outfit run by Privy Counsellor Willoughby H. Dickinson and former Ambassador to the US, Lord James Bryce, for which reason it was called the "Bryce Group" (Winkler, pp. 7, 16).


The two groups worked together and in early 1915 established the League of Nations Society (LNS) to promote their league idea (Pugh, p. 129; Winkler, p. 50) in collaboration with its American counterpart, the League to Enforce Peace (LEP). The LEP was established in June 1915 and was led by former President William Howard Taft and Jacob Schiff of Kuhn, Loeb, among others.


By 1916, Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Lord Robert Cecil, a cousin of Milnerite Lord Balfour and Milner Group member, began to agitate for a league of nations together with other Milnerites like General Jan Smuts and, after persuading the Cabinet to support a league of nations and instigating the Phillimore Committee which drafted the League Covenant, became the chief government spokesman for the League (Quigley, 1981, p. 250).


By 1918, the idea of a league had mustered support in almost all circles of British life. Its Liberal-Fabian promoters launched another association, the League of Free Nations Association (LFNA), calling for a league to be set up even before the war had ended. The LFNA operated in parallel with an American outfit of the same name, which later became the infamous Foreign Policy Association (FPA) (see Ch. 4, The Council on Foreign Relations).


Later that year, Woolf, the Dickinson and their collaborators amalgamated the two associations to form the League of Nations Union (LNU) which had Milnerites Lord Grey and Balfour as honorary presidents and was officially associated with the American League to Enforce Peace (LEP) (Winkler, pp. 70-6). Here again, the Anglo-American Milner-Fabian Connection becomes clear.


Quigley observes (not without justification) that the Milner Groups ability to mobilize public opinion in support of the League of Nations was "almost beyond belief (Quigley, 1981, p. 259). But the groups ability becomes less surprising if we consider all the interests involved and the enormous resources they had at their disposal.


The League of Nations as the basis for a World Government


Both the Milnerites and their Fabian collaborators strenuously denied any intention of establishing a world state and their proposed league had all appearance of being limited in scope and purpose (Winkler, p. 18).


But in 1918, using typical Milnerite doublespeak, Lord Robert Cecil himself insisted that the league must include all nations as otherwise it would "inevitably aim at world domination" (!) and even suggested that nations should be compelled to join the league by economic or other forms of pressure (Winkler, p. 242-4).


The League of Nations Union set up a "research committee" made up of the usual Milnerite-Fabian mix of Lionel Curtis, Lord Edward Grey, Alfred Zimmern, Leonard Woolf and Herbert G. Wells, all notorious advocates of various forms of international government and one world state.


If the Milner Group honestly did not want an international organization that restricted national sovereignty, what was it doing collaborating with world-statist fanatics like Woolf and Wells? And why did its league (as proposed by the LNU) have a Council, Court and armed "international police force" to enforce the decisions of the league and "maintain international order", etc. (Winkler, pp. 77, 79) if it was not a State?


Moreover, such an organization could only have worked by restricting national sovereignty. There was no guarantee whatsoever that it would not be misused by rogue governments or private groups (like the Milner Group, the Fabian Society and the international financiers behind them) aiming at world domination nor, indeed, that it would be a democratic alliance.


The Conservatives' inadequate response to the League of Nations project


Conservative papers from the Morning Post to the Daily Telegraph correctly identified some of these points. Unfortunately, not only had the Conservatives allowed themselves to be taken by surprise, but instead of organizing a proper counter-attack they chose to ignore the issue for the first few years, allowing themselves to be pushed even further into a defensive corner by the Left.


When they finally began to wake up to reality, they still failed to expose the Milnerite-Fabian string-pullers behind the league conspiracy, taking instead to barking up the wrong tree by accusing the Germans, lashing out at the Labour Party (again missing the Fabians and the Milner Group), or grumbling about unidentified foreign intriguers (pointless without further details or evidence).


Even worse, by 1918, the Telegraph, the Daily Mail, the Spectator and others had slowly changed their tune and began, however reluctantly, to accept the league idea (Winkler, pp. 119-35). This was in fact not in the least surprising. The Milner Groups (and the Fabian Societys) true expertise was in permeating (i.e., manipulating and infiltrating) governments and private organizations. Its massive campaign did not fail to win support from all parties, especially from the Liberal and Labour parties, which the Milner Group and the Fabian Society, respectively, dominated and which themselves were zealous promoters of the league.


By 1918, both the Liberal and the Labour parties had made the league a central plank in their official platform (Winkler, pp. 136, 179). Conservatives of course totally rejected the idea. But some like Lord Lansdowne and, above all, leading Milnerite Lord Robert Cecil himself, were squarely behind it. This clearly exposes the Milner-Fabian origin of the scheme. It also exposes the Conservatives totally inadequate response.


The Fabian Society and the League of Nations


That vested interests fully intended to use the league for their own purposes is especially clear from statements by leading Labourite Ramsay MacDonald to the effect that Socialist parties in each member nations parliament should "foster common international policies".


The direction in which things were moving was exposed by the February 1918 Inter-Allied Labour and Socialist Conference of London in which the Socialist parties of the future league members (France, Belgium, Italy, etc.) adopted Labours Fabian-designed position on the league (Winkler, pp. 173, 183). With former Labour Party leader and leading Fabian Arthur Henderson as president of the Socialist International Executive Committee (from 1923), it is clear who was calling the shots in large sections of international Socialism.


While the Milner Group itself professed to be for a league with limited powers, it was obvious that its Fabian allies wanted a League that came very close to a Superstate, as noted by the New York Times ("Plans For Socialistic World", NYT, 22 Sept. 1918).


As the Fabians and their Socialist associates were far more numerous than the Milner Group and growing in influence and power, it must have been apparent even to intellectually-deficient Milnerites what kind of League they were creating. It follows that it was just another case of typical Milner-Fabian dissimulation.


In any case, having persuaded Lloyd Georges Coalition Government to back their scheme, the Milner-Fabian combine used Walter Lippmann, Ray Stannard Baker and other connections to President Woodrow Wilson and his adviser Colonel House to drum up support for their league "for the prevention of war" (Martin, pp. 167-73; Manson 2007).


At the 1919 "Peace Conference" of Paris, the League was finally conceived and so was Chatham House.


The Milner Group and the League of Nations


The leading role played by Milner Group members and collaborators in the formation, organization and management of the League is beyond dispute.


Lord Haldane, Lord Robert Cecil, Sir Edward Grey and General Smuts campaigned for public and government support for the League.

Sir Maurice Hankey was involved in the Imperial Conferences leading to the creation of the League as well as in its organization in Paris.

Cecil, Smuts, Lord Phillimore and Alfred Zimmern were involved in drafting the League Covenant.

Cecil and Smuts were leaders of the British delegation at the Peace Conference.

Lord Balfour (who had been working closely with Lord Rothschild and the Fabians) was on the League Council.

Cecil and Lord Astor were among delegates to the League Assembly.


Among those holding high positions in the influential League Secretariat were Milner collaborator Sir Eric Drummond (who became Secretary-General after Hankey had declined the offer) and Milnerites Harold Butler, Arthur Salter and Benedict Sumner (Quigley, 1981, pp. 250, 257-8).


Freemasonry and the League of Nations


While the British Milner Group clearly dominated the League, it is interesting to note who they shared power with. As France was the main permanent League member after Britain, the post of President of the League Assembly was given to former Prime Minister Leon Bourgeois, a Liberal-Socialist, early advocate of a league of nations and well-known Freemason (Moreau, p. 103; Zeyer), while the Under-Secretary-General was French left-winger Jean Monnet.


The involvement of Freemasons like Bourgeois is significant, given that Freemasonry was largely a Liberal movement with Socialist leanings and therefore politically close to the Milner Group and the Fabian Society. Masonic influence on politics was exercised:


across Europe through internationalist intriguers like Joseph Retinger and Count Coudenhove-Kalergi;

in America through Presidents from Washington to Theodore and F. D. Roosevelt;

and in Britain - the home of Freemasonry - through Clement Attlee and Winston Churchill (Coignard, 2010; de Villemarest, 2004, vol. 2, pp. 15, 24; Knight, pp., 34, 36, 207).


Sо, again, it becomes clear that the League was in effect an international Liberal-Socialist conspiracy - which is why the scheme was backed by the leftist Wilson-House duo but (wisely) turned down by the Senate and why America never joined the League. Needless to say, the same group was also inextricably associated with Chatham House.


Chatham House World Network


Curtis and Cecil were Chatham House co-founders, while the others served as councillors, members and collaborators. There can be little doubt that Chatham Houses official name, Institute of International Affairs, was inspired by the Council for the Study of International Relations which launched the League of Nations campaign. The latters objective, "international organization" i.e., world government, was also the objective of Chatham House.


Between 1927 and 1936, Chatham House (RIIA) branches were established in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India and Newfoundland (Quigley, 1981, p. 191). Institute branches outside the English-speaking world were established between 1935 and 1977 in France, Sweden, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Pakistan, China, Germany, Russia, Japan, Norway, Italy and many other countries (de Villemarest, 2004, vol. 1, pp. 19-20).


That is a lot of institutes, with thousands of members, "studying international questions". Clearly, they must serve some other purpose and that can only be the promotion of world government by a private clique.


CHATHAM HOUSE AND THE UNITED NATIONS


The United Nations was a continuation of the Milnerite policy of world domination and a logical progression from the League. Indeed, once we have established the identity, aims and mode of operation of the money interests behind the League, their behaviour becomes entirely predictable:


in the same way as World War I was used to establish the League of Nations,

World War II was used to establish its successor organization, the United Nations (UN).


Both organizations were the product of the established Milner-Fabian tactic of using crises as a cover for advancing a hidden agenda.


Using their influence and resources, the Milner Group and its associates were able to set up Chatham House as a body of "experts" advising government. On the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the Institute became official adviser to the Foreign Office.


Council chairman Lord Astor set up a special organization known as the Foreign Research and Press Service (FRPS), which was tasked with answering all questions related to international affairs for government departments. Lord Astors permanent representative in the FRPS was Milnerite eminence grise Lionel Curtis who was assisted by a committee which included Charles Kingsley Webster and Alfred Zimmern. In 1942, FRPS was merged with the Political Intelligence Department to form the new Research Department of the Foreign Office (Quigley, 1981 pp. 196-7).


This is how Chatham House and the money interests behind it became an integral part of the British government.


Unsurprisingly, elements connected with Chatham House played key roles in the formation of the UN. Charles Webster became head of the American Section of FRPS, in addition to being the head of the British Library of Information in New York. In this position, he was instrumental in getting American public opinion to embrace the idea of US participation in a New World Order and was involved in the Dumbarton Oaks and San Francisco conferences which created the United Nations Organization.


Other Chatham House key players were Ivison Macadam, Arnold J. Toynbee, Frederick Whyte and, in particular, Geoffrey Crowther, Lord Lothian, the Ambassador to the US, and Lionel Curtis, who were on the Chatham House council (Parmar, pp. 102-4, 206-7). Leading Milnerite General Smuts wrote the preamble to the UN Charter (Mazower, p. 61), etc.


Being part of a wider Anglo-American connection, Chatham House did not operate independently but in collaboration with various interlocking organizations like the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), which was infiltrating the American government and dominating its foreign policy in the same way as Chatham House was doing it in Britain.


Like their Chatham House counterparts, CFR elements played leading roles in the formation of the UN. This was done through:


the CFR-controlled War and Peace Studies (WPS) programme,

the Advisory Committee on Postwar Foreign Policy (ACPFP)

and the Informal Agenda Group (IAG), which provided information and advice to the US President and State Department.


Members of the above groups, who were CFR members, set the agenda and drafted the documents for the Dumbarton Oaks Conference and formed the US delegation to the San Francisco Conference of 1945 (Smoot, p. 8; Parmar, p. 123).


Needless to say, in addition to the CFR, the Milner Group used associated organizations such as the Pilgrims Society and the Fabians to achieve its internationalist objectives.


CHATHAM HOUSE AND THE EUROPEAN UNION


Like the UN, the EU has "Anglo-American Establishment" written all over it. As in the case of the UN, elements closely connected with Chatham House and its sister organization, the CFR, played key roles in the creation of the EU.


One of the earliest advocates of a united Europe was Arthur Salter who was acting chairman of the Chatham House Council in the early 1930s (Salter, p. 230), when he published "The United States of Europe".


It should be noted that this united Europe was part of the wider Milner-Fabian agenda of world government. This is evident not only from Salters writings, but also from outfits like Federal Union, launched by Lionel Curtis and Lord Lothian in 1938 for the purpose of establishing a federation of Britain, Europe and America.


It is for this very reason that the European Union was an Anglo-American project instigated and backed by Anglo-American financial interests. These interests had close links to


Chatham House and included David Astor who financed the Independent League for European Cooperation (ILEC) and the European League for Economic Cooperation (ELEC), which became the driving force behind the European Movement;

Chatham House corporate member Lazard Brothers,

CFR co-founder John Foster Dulles

and CFR members Averell Harriman and John J. McCloy of the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations.


All were friends and financial backers of Arthur Salter collaborator and European Coal and Steel Community founder Jean Monnet (cf. Monnet, p. 306).


CHATHAM HOUSE AND IMMIGRATION


The colonial policies of the Milner Group and its global network of front organizations led by Chatham House resulted in rising numbers of immigrants arriving in Britain from Commonwealth countries. As a result, Chatham House felt it necessary to set up a Race Relations Unit, which was launched in 1952 by prominent Milner Group member and Chatham House councillor Henry ("Harry") Hodson.


In 1958, this became the Institute of Race Relations (IRR) under the chairmanship of secretary of the Eugenics Society and London School of Economics director, Alexander Carr-Saunders.


In 1962, the IRR was involved in the creation of the Commonwealth Immigrants Advisory Council (CIAC) with the aim of advising the Home Secretary on Commonwealth immigrants. In 1965, in collaboration with the immigrant organization "Campaign Against Racial Discrimination" (CARD), the IRR set up the National Committee For Commonwealth Immigrants, which ostensibly aimed to promote good will and facilitate the integration of Commonwealth immigrants.


By setting themselves up as government advisers, IRR and associated organizations have monopolized race and immigration policy. Although the IRR was precluded by its articles from expressing an opinion on race relations (a typical clever device used to feign "impartiality), it is clear from its publications and activities that its main concern was to change the power relation between the immigrant and indigenous populations to the advantage of the former.


This was entirely in line with the established Milner-Fabian idea of reversing white domination in favour of non-white populations throughout the Commonwealth and, increasingly, in Britain, America and other white-majority countries.


As shown in the following chapters, immigration has been the material cause of other major societal ills such as multiculturalism and Islamization.


Chatham House councillors, notably Denis Healey, were also behind initiatives significantly increasing Islamic influence and power by facilitating investments and loans from oil-rich Islamic regimes to Western European countries (Healey, 2006, pp. 423-6).


NOTE:


The Anglo-American Establishments chief financial institutions, Lazard and J. P. Morgan & Co., had branches in London, Paris and New York, as well as close links with the Bank of England, Bank of France and Americas central banking system, the Federal Reserve.


Much of the worlds foreign affairs, in particular, those of regional blocs like the European Union, continue to be dominated by Britain, France and America, i.e., the Anglo-Franco-American Establishment which controls foreign ministries through front men and collaborators, think tanks like Chatham House and industry lobby groups (see also Ch. 7, The EU Scam).


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